Table 1: Main data for vehicles used in simulations.

Rhlmms Shimmns E405
Length over buffers [m] 14.04 12.04 19.4
Tare [ton] 20 22.5 82
Brake pipe diameter [mm]                                           32
% rotating mass 4 12
Braked mass Load [ton] 43 58 56
Braked mass Empty [ton] 24 26 -
Changing mass [ton] 40 48 -
Buffers Buffer FS 30kJ Buffer E405
Draw gears                                             Draw Miner 12
Brake type Brake block, cast iron Disc, constant friction coefficient (0.35)
Brake regime G (Characteristic timings for brake cylinder filling 24 s and 28 s [7])