Authors |
Location |
APC Technology |
Transit mode |
Vehicles Tested [#] |
Boarding/alighting stop-level data [#] |
Accuracy (Precision) evaluation method |
Accuracy (Precision) main results |
Deibel and Wood [27] |
USA |
I, U, P, M and A |
Bus |
2 |
n/a |
Error rate of counting (n/a) |
Generally, APC undercount boarding and alighting passengers; M provided an accuracy better than 98 % of passengers’ volumes; however, the maximum load is significantly less than I; |
Poirier and Hobbs [28] |
USA |
I and M |
Bus |
9 |
8,600 |
Cross tabulation of error rate of counting errors for classes (n/a) |
APCs are accurate i.e., no count’s errors, for 79% of the observations |
Attanuccci and Vozzolo [13] |
USA |
I and M |
Bus |
n/a |
n/a |
Review of 12 case studies (n/a) |
M APCs are accurate, i.e., no count’s errors, for about 91.5% of the observations; Undercount boarding and alighting passengers; Boarding more accurate than alighting |
Strathman [29]; [30] and Strathman and Hopper [31] |
USA |
I |
Bus |
46 |
3,768 |
Confidence intervals and mean test (n/a) |
Overcount boarding and alighting passengers with statistical accuracy |
Kimpel et al. [32, 33] |
USA |
I |
Bus |
n/a |
2,921 |
Error rate of counting, Confidence intervals and mean test (Direct and Reverse regression models and t-test) |
Overcount boarding, alighting and loads; Boarding and alighting passengers are measured with statistical accuracy for low-floor buses. (The amount of measurement error due to APC is statistically significant) |
Strathman et al. [34] |
USA |
I |
Rail |
n/a |
722 |
Confidence intervals and mean test (n/a) |
Undercount boarding and overcount alighting passengers |
Barabino et al. [5] |
Europe |
I |
Bus |
1 |
950 |
Confidence intervals and mean test, mean absolute error, Root Mean Squared Error; (n/a) |
Undercount boarding and alighting, unlike boarding, alighting passengers are measured with statistical accuracy; low magnate errors |
Representative, but not comprehensive references’ list related.
APC Technology: I= Infrared beam; U = Ultrasonic beam; P = Pressure sensitive mat; M = Multi-switch treadle; A = Acoustic echo ranging system; EWE = Electronic Weighing Equipment.