Fig. (5) Effects of glucose on the cellular localization of NRF2 in MCF-7 cells and BALB/3T3 clone A31 cells. MCF-7 cells (A) or BALB/3T3 clone A31 cells (B) were incubated in the medium containing various concentrations (1.0 or 4.5 g/L) of D-glucose for 24 hours. Fixed cells were visualized with anti-NRF2 antibody and fluorescent-labeled secondary antibody. The nuclei were counterstained with DAPI, and nuclear to cytoplasmic NRF2 ratios were calculated. Experiments were performed in sixtuplicate or triplicate, and values are indicated as mean ± S.D. Statistically significant differences are indicated by an asterisk (*p < 0.05 by Student’s t-test).