Table 1: Blood Loss and Transfusion Rates Associated with Common Urological Procedures.

Procedure	Modality	Median Blood Loss (mL)	Peri-Operative Transfusion Rate (%)
Radical Cystectomy	Open	350 - 408 [30-33]	2 - 40 [31, 33]
	Laparoscopic	300 - 520 [34, 35]	0 - 30 [34, 35]
	Robotic	475 - 800 [30, 31, 33, 36]	24 - 67 [31, 33, 37, 38]
Radical Prostatectomy	Open	100 - 191 [39, 40]	0.5 - 1.8 [40, 41]
	Robotic	450 - 745 [39-41]	2.9 - 16.5 [39-41]
Nephrectomy	Open Partial	131 - 206 [42, 43]	4 [43]
	Laparoscopic Partial	150 - 300 [43, 44]	3.8 - 8.6 [40, 41, 45]
	Robotic Partial	367 [37]	5.1 - 12.7 [31, 37]
	Open Radical	262 - 451 [45-47]	28 - 41 [48, 50]
	Laparoscopic Radical	100 - 242 [33, 50, 51]	9.2 - 23 [48, 50]