Table 1: Hemodynamics in human arteriovenous fistula (AVF), arteriovenous graft (AVG), arterial bypass graft (ABG), artery and vein.

Human Location of Measurement Pressure (mmHg) Flow Rate (mL/min) WSS (dyn/cm2) Strain (Unit-Less) Methods
AVF Radial Artery 100
a(1 week) [45]
777
(4 months) [46]

519
(5 months) [46]

506
(7 months) [46]
30
(6 weeks) [47]
bn/a Pressure transducer [45], MRI for flow rate [46], ultrasound for lumen diameter [47], WSS by Poiseuille’s law [47]
Cephalic Vein 80
(1 week) [45]
861
(1 week) [48]

632
(4 months) [46]

304
(5 months) [46]

302
(7 months) [46]
80-2500
(4 months) [46]
n/a Pressure transducer [45], MRI for flow rate [46], ultrasound for flow rate [48], WSS by cCFD [46]
AVG Brachial Artery 80-100
(4 weeks) [49]
1528
(6 weeks) [50]
51
(6 weeks) [50]
n/a Pressure transducer [49], ultrasound for flow and lumen diameter [50], WSS by Poiseuille’s law [50]
Cephalic Vein 80-100
(4 weeks) [49]
1277
(6 weeks) [50]
24
(6 weeks) [50]
n/a Pressure transducer [49], ultrasound for flow and lumen diameter [50], WSS by Poiseuille’s law [50]
ABG (femoral-femoral) Upstream Anastomosis n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Downstream
Anastomosis
75
(during surgery) [51]
135
(before surgery) [52]
1-30 [52] n/a Pressure transducer [51], ultrasound for flow rate [52], WSS by cCFD [52]
ABG (femoral-popliteal) Upstream Anastomosis 75
(during surgery) [51]
237
(6 weeks) [53]
5-30
(6 weeks) [53]
0.7 ± 0.4%
(3 months) [54]
Pressure transducer [51], ultrasound for flow rate [53], WSS by cCFD [53], ultrasound for strain [54]
Downstream Anastomosis 75
(during surgery) [51]
237
(6 weeks) [53]
5-30
(6 weeks) [53]
0.6 ± 0.3%
(3 months) [54]
Pressure transducer [51], ultrasound for flow rate [53], WSS by cCFD [53], ultrasound for strain [54]
Radial Artery n/a 143 [22]
101 [48]
70 [55]
30 [48]
5 [55] n/a Intravascular flow probe [22], ultrasound for flow rate [48], fluorescent particle tracking for WSS [55]
Cephalic Vein n/a 10-18 [56] 5 [20] 1-2 [34] n/a Plethysmography for pressure [56], ultrasound for flow rate [20], WSS by Poiseuille’s law [34]

Notes: (a) Unless otherwise specified, time in parenthesis is post-surgery. (b) n/a: not available. (c) CFD: computational fluid dynamics.