| Group | Effect Size and 95% CI | Test of Null (2-Tail) | Heterogeneity | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Studies | Point Estimate | Lower Limit | Upper Limit | Z-value | P-value | Q-value | df (Q) | P-value | I-Squared | |
| Fixed Effect Analysis | ||||||||||
| 1 | 15 | 2.80 | 2.68 | 2.93 | -151.01 | 0.00 | 1147.11 | 14 | 0.00 | 98.78 |
| 2 | 5 | 5.25 | 4.99 | 5.51 | -109.79 | 0.00 | 162.83 | 4 | 0.00 | 97.54 |
| Overall | 20 | 3.71 | 3.59 | 3.83 | -185.79 | 0.00 | 1650.65 | 19 | 0.00 | 98.85 |
| Mixed effects analysis of general, high-risk and overall populations | ||||||||||
| 1 | 15 | 2.71 | 1.74 | 4.21 | -15.48 | 0.00 | – | – | – | – |
| 2 | 5 | 5.64 | 2.99 | 10.35 | -8.37 | 0.00 | – | – | – | – |
| Overall | 20 | 3.44 | 2.39 | 4.91 | -17.50 | 0.00 | – | – | – | – |