Table 1: Drugs under investigation against COVID-19.

Therapeutic Class Therapeutic Agent Description Current Status Reference
Interleukin
Antagonist
Anakinra Interleukin-I (IL-I) receptor antagonist with an intent to end cytokine invasion Under clinical trial (NCT04330638) [23]
Antibody Baricitinib Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitor, recommended through an artificial intelligence approach Clinical data not available [24]
Antibody Bevacizumab A recombinant humanized antibody which prevents the association of vascular endothelial growth factor with its receptors which is official in the USA against multiple cancers Under evaluation in a clinical trial in China against COVID-19 (NCT04275414) [25]
Antibiotic Brilacidin A defensive peptidomimetic under development by Innovation Pharmaceuticals Under evaluation against SARS-CoV-2 [26]
Anti-Malarial Chloroquine Elevates endosomal pH and interferes with ACE2 glycosylation Under evaluation in a clinical trial (NCT04344951) against COVID-19 [27]
Antiviral Darunavir HIV-protease inhibitor Under evaluation in a clinical trial (NCT04252274), still, no clinical human data is reported in support of its use against COVID-19 [28]
Antibody Eculizumab Humanized monoclonal IgG antibody, responsible for the prevention of formation of membrane attack complex by binding to complement protein C5 Under evaluation in a clinical trial (NCT04288713) for COVID-19 [29]
Antiviral Favipiravir RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitor with wide anti-viral activity Under evaluation in a clinical trial (NCT04273763) against COVID-19 [30]
Antiviral Galidesivir Nucleoside RNA polymerase inhibitor against Ebola virus Currently under evaluation by Biocryst Pharma [31]
Antiviral Griffithsin An algae derivative as a potent HIV entry inhibitor Reported active against SARS-CoV-1 and under evaluation against SARS-CoV-2 [32]
Antiviral Lopinavir Viral proteases inhibitor (3CLpro or PLpro) The repurposed drug, currently under clinical trials (NCT04307693) [33]
Antiviral Nelfinavir HIV-1 protease inhibitor Homology modelling in silico activity is reported but no clinical data available [34]
Antihelmintic Niclosamide Kills tapeworms Have in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-1, under investigation against SARS-CoV-2 [35]
Antiviral Remdesivir RdRp inhibitor and blocks viral replication Under evaluation against SARS-CoV-2 in clinical trials(NCT04302766,NCT04292899, NCT04292730, NCT04280705) [36-38]
Antiviral Sofosbuvir Antiviral against Hepatitis C Reported in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-1, under investigation against SARS-CoV-2 [39]
Anti-oxidant Vitamin C Anti-oxidant A clinical trial is going on in China for COVID-19 (NCT04264533) [40]
Antiviral Umifenovir Antiviral against Influenza Evaluated in Chinese clinical trials (200mg orally thrice a day for no more than 10 days) for COVID-19 revealed potent in vitro activity [41]
Herb XueBijing Chinese herbal extract Administration of this extract has remarkably reduced the mortality rate due to COVID-19 in China, administered as 100ml intra venous infusion twice a day [42]
Interleukin Antagonist Tocilizumab Interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor inhibitor humanized monoclonal antibody which can restore T Cell counts Under evaluation in a clinical trial (NCT04317092) against COVID-19 [43, 44]