Fig. (2) Graphical representation of the differentially expressed genes from 14 comparisons reported in 12 studies. Genes differentially expressed in at least three comparisons are shown. The comparisons represent genes differentially expressed in benign and malignant growth caused by HPV infection. The signatures represent the differentially expressed genes as follows: Santegoets_Condylomata and Santegoets_VIN [51], condylomata and vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) versus normal tissue; Rosty_HPV16_E7_Cervix [46], genes correlated to HPV16 E7 expression in cervical cancer; Santin_Cervix [45] and Carlson_Cervix [38], cervical cancer versus normal cervical keratinocytes; Schlecht_HNSC [49] and Slebos_HNSC [47], HPV-positive versus HPV-negative head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma; Martinez_oropharyngeal [48], HPV-positive versus HPV-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma; Pyeon_HPV_positive_cancers [50], HPV-positive head-and-neck cancer (HNC) and cervical cancer versus HPV-negative HNC; DeVoti_Papillomas [52], respiratory papillomas versus adjacent tissue; Thomas_HPV11 [37], normal human keratinocytes transfected with HPV11; Kaczkowski_HPV11, Kaczkowski_HPV16 and Kaczkowski_HPV45 [29], HaCaT cells transfected with HPV11, HPV16 and HPV45, respectively; Alazawi_W12_HPV16 [34], signature from cell line generated from a low-grade cervical lesion naturally infected with HPV16; Chang_HPV31 [38, 53], normal human keratinocytes from foreskin tissue transfected with wild type HPV31 genome. The upregulated genes are depicted in orange, downregulated in green, and not differentially expressed in white. The annotations of the genes are included as Supplementary Table 1.