Fig. (1) HIV is associated with increased numbers of both single and multiple HPV infections and abnormal cytology in LBC Samples. (A) Illustrates the association between HPV infection and HIV WHO staging. It can be seen that most HPV infections occurred in advanced stages of III & IV although this was not judged to be significantly different (p = 0.09). (B) Shows the association between HIV & HPV co-infections and abnormal cytology (n=121). HIV infection was highly associated with multiple HPV infections (p< 0.006), and was a significant factor for abnormal cervical cytology in both single and multiple HPV infections. (C) Shows the association between HIV and HPV high-risk versus low-risk genotypes (n=121). Infection with high-risk HPV types and HIV infection was highly associated with abnormal cervical cytology (p<0.01).