Dissection of the Eyelid and Orbit with Modernised Anatomical Findings
Hirohiko Kakizaki*, 1, Seah Lay-Leng2, Ken Asamoto3, Takashi Nakano3, Dinesh Selva4, Igal Leibovitch5
1 Department of Ophthalmology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
2 Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, 168751, Singapore
3 Department of Anatomy, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
4 South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology and Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
5 Division of Oculoplastic and Orbital Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
Abstract
Sufficient knowledge of eyelid and orbit anatomy is essential for achieving optimal functional and cosmetic results in ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery. Utilizing the surgical techniques used in vivo can result in difficulties in correct exposure and identification of structures in cadavers. Therefore, special techniques are required to perform appropriate post-mortem anatomical dissections of the eyelid and orbit. In addition, as the number of cadavers for teaching and dissections is very limited, systematic anatomical dissections will maximize their efficient utilization. Here, we present detailed techniques of eyelid and orbital dissections with modernized anatomical findings for anatomists as well as ophthalmologists, focusing on preparation for dissection, dissection of the upper and lower eyelids, handling of the conjunctival fornix, the medial and lateral canthi, and identification of extraocular muscle insertions.
Article Information
Article History:
Received Date: 18/9/2009
Revision Received Date: 4/11/2009
Acceptance Date: 14/11/2009
Electronic publication date: 16/1/2010
Collection year: 2010
© Kakizaki et al.; Licensee Bentham Open.
open-access license: This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (
http: //creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
* Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Ophthalmology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan, Tel: +81-561-62-3311, Ext. 2181; Fax: +81-561-63-7255; E-mail: cosme@d1.dion.ne.jp
Open Peer Review Details |
Manuscript submitted on 18-9-2009 |
Original Manuscript |
Dissection of the Eyelid and Orbit with Modernised Anatomical Findings |