Exercise and Its Effect on Bone Health
Paula J. Rackoff1, Jammie K. Barnes*, 2, Stephen Honig3
1 Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Medical Center, 10 Union Sq East, Ste 3D, New York, NY 10003, USA
2 Internal Medicine Resident, Beth Israel Medical Center, 353 E 17
th St. Apt 18C, New York, NY 10003, USA
3 The Osteoporosis Center, The NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases-Orthopedic Institute, New York, NY. USA
Abstract
Peak bone mass is largely determined by genetic control, however, 30% is determined by environmental factors, most important exercise, nutrition and chronic illness. It is recognized that the maximizing peak bone density is essential in the reduction of fracture risk at all stages of life. For children and adolescents regular exercise particularly ones that include high impact features and a well balanced diet including milk based calcium and vitamin D is critical to maintaining and building strong bones. During the postmenopausal years, a regular schedule of physical activity emphasizing weight bearing exercises can help maintain bone mineral density and may reduce fracture risk.
Article Information
Article History:
Received Date: 28/2/2009
Revision Received Date: 30/3/2009
Acceptance Date: 5/4/2009
Electronic publication date: 30/6/2009
Collection year: 2009
© Rackoff etal.; Licensee Bentham Open.
open-access license: This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (
http: //creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
* Address correspondence to this author at the Internal Medicine Resident, Beth Israel Medical Center, 353 E 17th St. Apt 18C, New York, NY 10003, USA; Tel: 212-420-2000; Fax: 212-844-8167;
E-mail: jbarnes@chpnet.org
Open Peer Review Details |
Manuscript submitted on 28-2-2009 |
Original Manuscript |
Exercise and Its Effect on Bone Health |