The Open Toxinology Journal




(Discontinued)

ISSN: 1875-4147 ― Volume 5, 2014

The Aerolysin-Like Toxin Family of Cytolytic, Pore-Forming Toxins


The Open Toxinology Journal, 2010, 3: 53-68

Oliver Knapp, Bradley Stiles, Michel R. Popoff

this author at the Bactéries anaerobies et Toxines, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75724 Paris cedex 15, France;.

Electronic publication date 10/3/2010
[DOI: 10.2174/1875414701003010053]




Abstract:

Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) represent the largest known group of bacterial protein toxins to date. Membrane insertion and subsequent pore-formation occurs after initial binding to cell-surface receptor and oligomerization. Aerolysin, a toxin produced by the Gram-negative bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila and related species, belongs to the PFT group and shares a common mechanism of action involving β-barrel structures resulting from the assembly of β-hairpins from individual toxin monomers into a heptamer. Aerolysin is also the name given to structurally and mechanistically related toxins called the aerolysin-like toxin family. A universal characteristic of this toxin family involves the diverse life forms that synthesize these proteins throughout Nature. Examples include: 1) epsilon-toxin and septicum-alpha-toxin produced by anaerobic, Gram-positive Clostridium species; 2) enterolobin by the Brazilian tree Enterolobium contortisiliquum; 3) a mushroom toxin Laetiporus sulphureus lectin (LSL); 4) mosquitocidal toxins (Mtxs) from the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus sphaericus and parasporine-2 from Bacillus thuringiensis; and 6) hydralysins from the tiny aquatic animal Chlorohydra viridis. The following review provides an overview of the different members within the aerolysin-like toxin family.


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