MANUSCRIPT SECTIONS FOR PAPERS:
Manuscripts for research articles and letters submitted to the respective journals should be divided into the following sections; however, there can be an extension in the number of sections in review articles in accordance with the requirements of the topic.
- Copyright letter
- Title
- Title page
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Text organization
- List of abbreviations (if any)
- Glossary
- Conflict of interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Appendices
- Figures/illustrations (if any)
- Chemical structures (if any)
- Tables and captions (if any)
- Supportive/supplementary material (if any)
Copyright Letter:
It is a mandatory requirement that a signed copyright letter also be submitted along with the manuscript by the author to whom correspondence is to be addressed, delineating the scope of the submitted article declaring the potential competing interests, acknowledging contributions from authors and funding agencies, and certifying that the paper is prepared according to the 'Instructions for Authors'. All inconsistencies in the text and in the reference section, and any typographical errors must be carefully checked and corrected before the submission of the manuscript. The article contains no such material or information that may be unlawful, defamatory, fabricated, plagiarized, or which would, if published, in any way whatsoever, violate the terms and conditions as laid down in the agreement. The authors acknowledge that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors for any such violation of the terms and conditions as laid down in the agreement. Download the Copyright letter
Title:
The title should be precise and brief and must not be more than 120 characters. Authors should avoid the use of non-standard abbreviations. The title must be written in title case except for articles, conjunctions and prepositions.
Authors should also provide a short ‘running title’.
Abstract:
The abstract should not exceed 250 words for review and research papers and should be limited to only 150 words for letters, summarizing the essential features of the article. The use of abbreviations should be reduced to a minimum and the references should not be cited in the abstract.
Keywords:
Provide 6 to 8 keywords in alphabetical order.
Text Organization:
The main text should begin on a separate page and should be divided into separate sections. For Research articles, the preparation of the main text must be structured into separate sections as Introduction, Materials and Methodology, Results, Discussion and Conclusion. For Review and Letter articles, the manuscript should be divided into title page, abstract and the main text. The text may be subdivided further according to the areas to be discussed, which should be followed by the Acknowledgements and Reference sections. The review article should mention any previous important reviews in the field and contain a comprehensive discussion starting with the general background of the field. It should then go on to discuss the salient features of recent developments. The authors should avoid presenting material which has already been published in a previous review. The authors are advised to present and discuss their observations in brief. The manuscript style must be uniform throughout the text and 10 pt Times New Roman font should be used. The full term for an abbreviation should precede its first appearance in the text unless it is a standard unit of measurement. The reference numbers should be given in square brackets in the text.
It is advisable that the observations be presented and discussed in brief. Make available all products that they generate such as protein, DNA, clone, cell or other types of material that they describe to other investigators in the field who require them for bona fide purposes. This should be done with the spirit that the data that are published can be duplicated and that other ideas can be tested. For research involving human subjects, authors must name the committee(s) that approved the experiments in the materials and methods section of the paper and include with their submission a statement to confirm that informed consent was obtained from all subjects.
Binomial Names: (Relevant for only Biomedical Field):
Italics should be used for Binomial names of organisms (Genus and Species), for emphasis and for unfamiliar words or phrases. Non-assimilated words from Latin or other languages should also be italicized e.g. per se, et al. etc.
Chemical Reaction Data: (Relevant for only Chemical and Biochemical Fields):
For heterogeneous catalysis, presentation should include reaction rates normalized by catalyst surface area, surface area of the active phase, or number of active surface atoms or catalytic sites, as appropriate. Typical rate units are mol s-1 m-2 or, in the case of surface atom normalization to produce turnover frequencies, s-1. For homogeneous catalysis, rates should typically be reported as turnover frequencies. Comparisons of selectivities should be made at similar conversions.
Catalytic measurements need to be carried out under kinetically limited conditions. Confirming tests need to be carried out and reported, especially for all reactions occurring in the liquid phase.
Symbols and Units:
Greek symbols and special characters often undergo formatting changes and get corrupted or lost during preparation of a manuscript for publication. To ensure that all special characters used are embedded in the text, these special characters should be inserted as a symbol but should not be a result of any format styling (Symbol font face) otherwise they will be lost during conversion to PDF/XML2.
Authors are encouraged to consult reporting guidelines. These guidelines provide a set of recommendations comprising a list of items relevant to their specific research design.
Only ISO symbols, written in italic, should be used for the various parameters. All kinds of measurements should be reported only in International System of Units (SI). SI units should always be written in roman and separated from the numerical value by a space (whatever the language). The μ in µg or μm should be in roman. The symbol for liter is L and that for minute is min. For temperatures, please note the use of °C and °F but K. As the Ångström (1 Å = 10-10 m) is not an SI unit, it should be replaced by the nanometer (1 nm = 10-9m) or by the picometer (1 pm = 10-12 m): 1 Å = 0.1 nm = 100 pm. Multiple units should be written with negative superscripts (for example, 25 mguL-1us-1).
The list of notations should appear just before the first paragraph of full text.
A list of symbols and units should be provided if used extensively throughout the text.
Equations and Mathematical Expressions:
- Avoid the use of built-up fractions in the text. If not avoided by the author(s), built-up fractions will be converted to equivalent expressions on the line when the paper is copyedited. In display matter, however, built-up fractions are preferred for clarity.
- Avoid the use of small-type mathematical expressions centered above or below arrows. If possible, try to use an alternative format.
- In the exponential function, avoid exponents having more than one or two characters.
- Avoid the use of reference numbers for equations that are not subsequently referred to in the paper. Costs are reduced if short mathematical equations and other expressions in the text are run in (instead of each being displayed on a separate line). Authors must expect that, when accepted papers are copyedited, "excess" equation reference numbers will be deleted and short equations will be run in with text.
- Be sure to indicate special marking for symbols (e.g., italics, boldface) and clearly identify any unusual symbols. Try to avoid underscored symbols because they often require hand composition and opening up lines and thus are expensive. In vector notations, indicate which letters or notations, if any, may be set in boldface type. Indicate if asterisks are to be set in superscript position or centered on the line.
- All equations should be indented and numbered as follows: (1)
- Equation number should be right justified. Put three dots(...) midway between the end of the equation and the equation number.
- Punctuation should not be used at the end of an equation.
- Particular care should be taken to distinguish between the number zero (0) and the letter O; the number one (1) and the letter l, the Roman letter v and the Greek letter nu (n). The decimal logarithm should be written "log" and the natural log "ln". The abbreviation of the exponential function is a roman e (for example, ex ) or exp (for example, exp (u2 + n). In expressions of the type dxdt, the letter d (derivative function) is always written in roman, whereas the physical parameter (x or t) is always in italics. Numbers are written in numerals when they are followed by units, these being represented by their SI symbols (10 % but a few percent).
- In numerals, each group of three letters should be separated by a space (except for dates and postal codes).
- Authors should provide the equations in *TeX/LaTeX file format separately as well as embedded in the manuscript.
Nomenclature:
Nomenclature should conform to current American usage. Insofar as possible, authors should use systematic names similar to those used by Chemical Abstracts Service or IUPAC. Chemical Abstracts (CA) nomenclature rules are described in Appendix IV of the Chemical Abstracts Index Guide.
List Of Abbreviations:
If abbreviations are used in the text either they should be defined in the text where first used, or a list of abbreviations can be provided.
Glossary:
A glossary of terms/expressions used in the paper should be provided in the order of their appearance in the article.
Conflict Of Interest:
Financial contributions to the work being reported should be clearly acknowledged, as should any potential conflict of interest.
Acknowledgements:
Please acknowledge anyone (individual/company/institution) who has contributed to the study by making substantial contributions to conception, design, acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data, or who was involved in drafting the manuscript or revising it critically for important intellectual content. Please list the source(s) of funding for the study, for each author, and for the manuscript preparation in the acknowledgements section.
Authors are encouraged to call attention to safety considerations such as explosive tendencies, special precautionary handling procedures, toxicity, and special waste disposal procedures.
References:
References must be listed in IEEE style only. All references should be numbered sequentially [in square brackets] in the text and listed in the same numerical order in the reference section. The reference numbers must be finalized and the bibliography must be fully formatted before submission.
The author will be responsible for the accuracy and completeness of the references.
See below few examples of references listed in the correct IEEE style:
Journal Articles:
-
[1]
G. Liu, K. Y. Lee, and H. F. Jordan, "TDM and TWDM de Bruijn networks and shufflenets for optical communications", IEEE Trans. Comp., vol. 46, pp. 695-701, June 1997.
Books:
-
[2]
S. M. Hemmingsen, Soft Science. University of Saskatchewan Press: Saskatoon, 1997.
-
[3]
A. Rezi, and M. Allam, "Techniques in array processing by means of transformations," In: Control and Dynamic Systems, Vol. 69, Multidimensional Systems, C. T. Leondes, Ed. San Diego: Academic Press, 1995, pp. 133-180.
Edited Book:
-
[4]
D. Sarunyagate, Ed., Lasers. McGraw-Hill: New York 1996.
Conference Proceedings:
-
[5]
N. Osifchin, and G. Vau, “Power considerations for the modernization of telecommunications in Central and Eastern European and former Soviet Union (CCE/FSU) countries”, In: Second International Telecommunication Energy Special Conference Special Conference, 1997, pp. 9-16.
Patent:
-
[6]
K. Kimura, and A. Lipeles, "Fuzzy Controller Component," U. S. Patent 14,860,040, December 14, 1996.
Thesis:
-
[7]
H. Zhang, "Delay-insensitive networks", M.S. thesis, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, 1997.
Electronic Publication:
E-Books:
-
[8]
L. Bass, P. Clements, and R. Kazman. Software Architecture in Practice, 2nd ed. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley, 2003. [E-book] Available: Safari e-book.
E-Journals:
-
[9]
P.H.C. Eilers, and J.J. Goeman, "Enhancing scatterplots with smoothed densities", Bioinformatics, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 623-628, March 2004. [Online] Available: www.oxfordjournals.org. [Accessed 18th, Sept. 2004].
Some important points to remember:
- All references must be complete and accurate.
- Online citations should include the date of access.
- Journal titles should conform to the IEEE Transactions, Journals and Letters abbreviations.
- All authors of referenced papers must be cited and there must be no use of the short hand version of et al.
- Take special care of the punctuation convention as described in the above-mentioned examples.
- Avoid using superscript in the in-text citations and reference section.
- Abstracts, unpublished data and personal communications (which can only be included if prior permission has been obtained) should not be given in the reference section but they may be mentioned in the text and details provided as footnotes.
- The authors are encouraged to use a recent version of EndNote (version 5 and above) or Reference Manager (version 10) when formatting their reference list, as this allows references to be automatically extracted.
Appendices:
In case there is a need to present lengthy, but essential methodological details, use appendices, which can be a part of the article. An appendix must not exceed three pages (Times New Roman, 12 point fonts, 900 max. words per page). The information should be provided in a condensed form, ruling out the need of full sentences. A single appendix should be titled APPENDIX, while more than one can be titled APPENDIX A, APPENDIX B, and so on.
Figures/Illustrations:
The authors should provide the illustrations as separate files, as well as embedded in the text file, numbered consecutively in the order of their appearance. Each figure should include a single illustration. No charges will be levied on the use of color figures except in the reprints. Each figure should be closely cropped to minimize the amount of white space surrounding the illustration.
If a figure consists of separate parts, it is important that a single composite illustration file be submitted, containing all parts of the figure.
Photographs should be provided with a scale bar if appropriate, as well as high-resolution component files.
Scaling/Resolution:
For Line Art image type, which is generally an image based on lines and text and does not contain tonal or shaded areas, the preferred file format is TIFF or EPS, with colour mode being Monochrome 1-bit or RGB, in a resolution of 900-1200 dpi.
For Halftone image type, which is generally a continuous tone photograph and contains no text, the preferred file format is TIFF, with colour mode being or RGB or Grayscale, with a minimum resolution of 300 dpi.
For Combination image type, which is generally an image containing halftone in addition to text or line art elements, the preferred file format is TIFF, with colour mode being or RGB or Grayscale, in a resolution of 500-900 dpi.
Formats:
For illustrations, the following file formats are acceptable:
-
Illustrator
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EPS (preferred format for diagrams)
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PDF (also especially suitable for diagrams)
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PNG (preferred format for photos or images)
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Microsoft Word (version 5 and above; figures must be a single page)
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PowerPoint (figures must be a single page)
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TIFF
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JPEG (conversion should be done using the original file)
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BMP
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CDX (ChemDraw)
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TGF (ISISDraw)
Bentham OPEN does not process figures submitted in GIF format.
If the large size of TIFF or EPS figures acts as an obstacle to online submission, authors may find that conversion to JPEG format before submission results in significantly reduced file size and upload time, while retaining acceptable quality. JPEG is a 'lossy' format, however in order to maintain acceptable image quality, it is recommended that JPEG files are saved at High or Maximum quality.
Files should not be compressed with tools such as Zipit or Stuffit prior to submission as these tools will in any case produce negligible file-size savings for JPEGs and TIFFs, which are already compressed.
Please do not:
- Supply embedded graphics in your word processor (spreadsheet, presentation) document;
- Supply files that are optimized for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low;
- Supply files that are too low in resolution;
- Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
Segments of computer programs or output are treated like diagrams and are reproduced from good quality material provided by author(s) (normal line printer output is not considered good quality).
Image Conversion Tools:
There are many software packages, many of them freeware or shareware, capable of converting to and from different graphics formats, including PNG.
Good general tools for image conversion include GraphicConverter on the Macintosh, PaintShop Pro, for Windows, and ImageMagick, which is available on Macintosh, Windows and UNIX platforms.
Note that bitmap images (e.g. screenshots) should not be converted to EPS, since this will result in a much larger file size than the equivalent JPEG, TIFF, PNG or BMP, with no increase in the quality. EPS should only be used for images produced by vector-drawing applications such as Adobe Illustrator or CorelDraw. Most vector-drawing applications can be saved in, or exported as, EPS format. In case the images have been originally prepared in an Office application, such as Word or PowerPoint, then the original Office files should be directly uploaded to the site, instead of being converted to JPEG or another format that may be of low quality.
Chemical Structures:
Chemical structures MUST be prepared according to the guidelines below.
Structures should be prepared in ChemDraw and provided as separate file, submitted both on disk and in printed formats.
Structure Drawing Preferences:
[As according to the ACS style sheet]
| Drawing Settings: |
| Chain angle |
120° |
| Bond spacing |
18% of width |
| Fixed length |
14.4 pt (0.500cm, 0.2in) |
| Bold width |
2.0 pt (0.071cm, 0.0278in) |
| Line width |
0.6 pt (0.021cm, 0.0084in) |
| Margin width |
1.6 pt (0.096cm) |
| Hash spacing |
2.5 pt (0.088cm, 0.0347in) |
| Text settings: |
| Font |
Times New Roman |
| Size |
8 pt |
| Under the Preference Choose: |
| Units |
points |
| Tolerances |
3 pixels |
| Under Page Setup Use: |
| Paper |
US letter |
| Scale |
100% |
Tables:
- Data Tables should be submitted in Microsoft Word table format.
- Each table should include a title/caption being explanatory in itself with respect to the details discussed in the table. Detailed legends may then follow.
- Table number in bold font i.e. Table 1, should follow a title. The title should be in small case with the first letter in caps. A full stop should be placed at the end of the title.
- Tables should be embedded in the text exactly according to their appropriate placement in the submitted manuscript.
- Columns and rows of data should be made visibly distinct by ensuring that the borders of each cell are displayed as black lines.
- Tables should be numbered in Arabic numerals sequentially in order of their citation in the body of the text.
- If a reference is cited in both the table and text, please insert a lettered footnote in the table to refer to the numbered reference in the text.
- Tabular data provided as additional files can be submitted as an Excel spreadsheet.
Supportive/Supplementary Material:
We do encourage to append supportive material, for example a PowerPoint file containing a talk about the study, a PowerPoint file containing additional screenshots, a Word, RTF, or PDF document showing the original instrument(s) used, a video, or the original data (SAS/SPSS files, Excel files, Access Db files etc.) provided it is inevitable or endorsed by the journal's Editor.
Published/reproduced material should not be included unless you have obtained written permission from the copyright holder, which must be forwarded to the Editorial Office in case of acceptance of your article for publication.
Supportive/Supplementary material intended for publication must be numbered and referred to in the manuscript but should not be a part of the submitted paper. In-text citations as well as a section with the heading "Supportive/Supplementary Material" before the "References" section should be provided. Here, list all Supportive/Supplementary Material and include a brief caption line for each file describing its contents.
Any additional files will be linked into the final published article in the form supplied by the author, but will not be displayed within the paper. They will be made available in exactly the same form as originally provided only on our Web site. Please also make sure that each additional file is a single table, figure or movie (please do not upload linked worksheets or PDF files larger than one sheet). Supportive/ Supplementary material must be provided in a single zipped file not larger than 4 MB.
Authors must clearly indicate if these files are not for publication but meant for the reviewers'/editors' perusal only.
